by Lauren Schenkman on June 29, 2010 3:25 PM

For the tens of thousands of sea turtle eggs incubating in the sands of the
northern Gulf of Mexico-and dangerously near the oil-it’s come to this:
Officials are planning to dig up the approximately 700 nests on Alabama and
the Florida panhandle beaches, pack the eggs in Styrofoam boxes, and fly
them to a facility in eastern Florida where they can mature. Once the eggs
have hatched, the young turtles will be released in darkness on Florida’s
Atlantic beaches into oil-free water. Translocation of nests on this scale
has never been attempted before.

“This is really a worst-case scenario,” says Michael Ziccardi, a University
of California, Davis, veterinarian and oil-spill veteran who is leading the
government’s response efforts for marine mammals and sea turtles. “We hoped
we wouldn’t get to this point.”

Sea turtles that hatch in the Northern Gulf of Mexico typically spend a few
months near the coast, and many eventually enter the Loop Current to make
their way into the Atlantic. This year, that path would put them right in
the oil spill. Federal officials in charge of response “believe that most,
if not all, of the 2010 Northern Gulf hatchling cohort would be at high risk
of encountering oil during this period,” according to the written
translocation plan, developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Marine Fisheries
Service, and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. They
estimate that 50,000 hatchlings could be lost to the oil.

Nests are already being marked so that cleanup crews can skirt them, and
officials hope to begin moving them within weeks, says Ziccardi. The
operations will continue well past laying season, which ends in August,
because eggs incubate for about 60 days. The logistics of finding
contractors to train and lead collection teams, a facility where the eggs
can come to term, and an air-freight company that can transport them three
times a week for the next 3 months are daunting.

Officials plan to dig up the eggs at about day 50 of their incubation-well
after the hatchling’s sex, which is determined by the nest’s temperature, is
set. Workers moving the eggs have to be careful not to turn them over or
roll them so as not to disturb membranes that connect the embryo to the
shell and cushion it, says Philip Allman, a marine biologist at Florida Gulf
Coast University in Fort Myers. “If the orientation of the egg is turned
significantly from the position in the nest, the rotation can break the
membranes and cause the embryos to die,” he says. “Even in flight,
turbulence and a bumpy landing could be enough” to break the membranes.

Moving the eggs could also affect where the turtles go to nest once they’re
adults, Allman says, because “a lot of evidence indicates that sea turtles
return to the same region where they hatch from to nest.” Some researchers
believe embryos somehow learn the location of their home beach while still
in the egg; others think that “imprinting” process happens as hatchlings
make their way to the water. The plan could mean the hatchlings imprint on
the east coast of Florida, which “may impact which breeding population they
join once maturing,” Allman says. Although this could change the genetic
makeup of east coast populations, which aren’t identical to those in the
northern Gulf of Mexico populations, he thinks the risks of negative effects
are minimal. “I think it is a chance worth taking,” he says.

Individual nests are sometimes moved above high tide or brought into
captivity to protect eggs from predators or poaching. Although an operation
of this scale is unprecedented, it’s the best option right now, says Thane
Wibbels, a herpetologist at the University of Alabama, Birmingham. “You’re
either reactive or proactive, and if you’re reactive, it’s too late.”

Smaller-scale translocations have been successful, Wibbels points out; Each
year from 1978 until 1988, about 2000 Kemp’s ridley sea turtle eggs were
moved from the species’ sole nesting beach in Rancho Nuevo, Mexico, to Padre
Island National Seashore near Corpus Christi, Texas, in a bid to start a
second nesting beach. Today, he says, about 200 turtles nest there.

After the Ixtoc I well blew out in the Gulf of Mexico in 1979, 9000 Kemp’s
ridley hatchlings were kept on their nesting beach and then transported to
cleaner waters, says Allman. “Multiple authors reported a few years later
that the oil spill did not have a significant impact to the Kemp’s ridley
sea turtles,” he says.

“In a normal year you’d think, ‘That’s crazy,’ ” Wibbels says. “We want
these turtles to do what’s natural, … but if you have to prevent a large
amount of mortality, you have to make tough decisions.”

Allen Salzberg

Publisher/Editor of HerpDigest. The Only Free Weekly E-Zine That Reports on
The Latest News on Herpetological Conservation, Husbandry, and Science
www.herpdigest.org.
HerpDigest is a registered (in NYS) not-for profit organization/publication.

Member of the of IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group
Special thanks to Richard Charter

http://www.dailyfinance.com/story/health-effects-of-oil-spills-on-humans-more-questions-than-an/19530364/

An AOL Money & Finance Site
Tuesday, June 29, 2010

By MELLY ALAZRAKI
Posted 9:00 PM 06/26/10 Health Care, BP

When BP’s (BP) Deepwater Horizon drilling rig exploded on April 20, killing 11 of its crew and causing a massive oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, few imagined that more than two months later it would still be spewing an estimated 35,000 to 60,000 barrels of oil a day, causing the U.S.’s worst-ever environmental disaster.

With the undersea well still gushing oil and cleanup efforts barely making a dent, questions abound about the spill’s short- and long-term effects on the environment and human health. In fact, very little is known about the health effects of oil spills as only seven spills have been studied of the hundreds around the world.

Cleanup Crews Experiencing Acute Symptoms

From the few studies of past spills, one of them by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) after the Exxon Valdez spill, certain acute symptoms were expected, and already Gulf residents and cleanup workers are experiencing them: headaches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, throat irritation, eye pain, coughing or choking and dizziness.

Of greater concern is a more recent study of those exposed in Spain after the 2002 Prestige oil tanker spill, which found an increase in DNA damage. Other potential long-term risks include lung, kidney and liver damage.

With the temperature in the Gulf of Mexico hovering around 110 degrees Fahrenheit during the summer, one of the main short-term health concerns is heat exhaustion, especially among workers on the open sea.

Because so little is known about the long-term health effects of direct exposure to petroleum, the Department of Health and Human Service has set aside $10 million to track oil spill-related illnesses in states along the Gulf Coast and study cleanup workers. It asked the Institute of Medicine to host a workshop last week in New Orleans on the issue.

Crews Exposed to Fumes and Direct Contact

As of Friday, 453 oil exposure complaints had been reported to the American Association of Poison Control Centers. Of the total, 174 calls came from Louisiana, 111 from Florida, 95 from Alabama, and 38 from Mississippi. The reports so far were mostly related to odors or fumes, and mainly among those involved in the cleanup, because they have the most direct exposure to the oil.

Most exposure of Gulf residents and cleanup workers has been via inhalation, though skin contact is also common.

Volunteers among the cleanup workers are at the highest risk, because many lack extensive training in these types of hazards. The U.S. National Guard deployed 17,000 members to help with the cleanup effort. In total, nearly 35,000 cleanup workers are involved, some of whom agreed to be tracked by NIOSH.

Dispersants Inhaled Deep into the Lungs

Some of the spilled oil evaporates into the air and creates a heavy vapor that stays near the ground — in the human breathing zone, writes Gina Solomon, a senior scientist at the Natural Resources Defense Council. “When winds whip up oily sea water, the spray contains tiny droplets of oil, which are small enough to be inhaled deep into the lungs.” Aah — oil-scented rain.

The EPA is monitoring the air on the Gulf coastline. It “has observed odor-causing pollutants associated with oil on the shore in the Gulf region at low levels. Some of these chemicals may cause short-lived effects like headache; eye, nose and throat irritation; or nausea.” The EPA lists the odors in the air of the Gulf.

It appears that so far benzene and naphthalene aren’t a major cause for concern, Solomon adds, but “the levels of hydrogen sulfide EPA is reporting in some areas could cause short-term symptoms in sensitive people and could potentially pose a long-term risk if the elevated levels continue.”

“As for dispersants,” Linda Greer, director of the Health and Environment program at the NRDC writes, “the questions that linger include how dangerous the dispersants are and whether exposure to the chemicals could cause cancer.”

Toll on Emotional Health as Well

Another concern has come to the nation’s attention with the suicide of William Allen Kruse, the 55-year-old fishing boat captain who helped in the Gulf cleanup effort after losing his livelihood. Doctors say that the short-term effects of the devastation of the Gulf environment and economy will include depression and psychological stress, raising suicide risk among those affected. Social workers in the Gulf region say that they are seeing a rising number of mental health problems.

And because the spill will continue for weeks or months to come and many of its effects haven’t yet manifest, experts say it’s impossible to tell what the overall health impact will be.

There are far more questions than answers at this stage, and the unknowns are great — especially health-cost estimates. The full scale of the impact of the largest U.S. oil spill on our environment and health is yet to be grasped, much less measured.

Special thanks to Richard Charter.

New York Times
June 29, 2010

http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/2010/06/29/2010-06-29_bp_oil_spill_cleanup_blocked_by_red_tape_bureaucracy_as_companies_offering_aid_a.html

BY Meena Hartenstein
DAILY NEWS STAFF WRITER
Tuesday, June 29th 2010, 4:02 PM

As the BP oil spill continues to wreak havoc on the Gulf of Mexico, companies offering clean-up aid say their efforts are being blocked — by bureaucratic red tape.

A French company volunteering oil-collection boats was rebuffed by BP and the Coast Guard, reports The New Orleans Times-Picayune, even as local officials complain that not enough vessels have been deployed to collect the oil in the water before it hits land.

Eric Vial, Chief Executive of French oil spill response company Ecoceane, met with BP and Coast Guard officials soon after the spill to volunteer a fleet of oil skimming boats but says weeks flew by without any response.

Vial ultimately sold nine of his boats to a private contractor in Florida to get around a longstanding law called the Jones Act that prevents foreign crews and foreign ships from transporting goods between U.S. ports. After the sale, the boats were no longer considered foreign and could be deployed into the Gulf, reports the Times-Picayune.

Other offers of aid also have been ignored. Fellow oil giant Shell was in talks with BP to loan out the Nanuq, a 300-foot oil recovery boat sitting unused in Alaska, but BP decided it didn’t want the help.

“Nothing would prevent it from working right now in the Gulf of Mexico,” Curtis Smith, a spokesman for Shell Alaska, told the Times-Picayune. “It remains available in the event that BP reconsiders.”

Meanwhile, local officials in the affected Gulf states have been begging for more skimmers to remove the oil. “We want all the skimming vessels in the world deployed,” Plaquemines Parish President Billy Nungesser told the Times-Picayune. “We’re at war. If you were at war and in charge, would you deploy everything you had to win the war?

Coast Guard Adm. Thad Allen, the administration’s point person on the oil spill, admitted recently that “skimmers are our critical mass right now. We need to put those wherever we can get them. And we want to get them from wherever they are available.”

Yet even though 1600 skimmers are available across the country, as Sen. George LeMieux (R.-Fla) pointed out on the Senate floor last week, the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 demands that regions must maintain minimum levels of that kind of equipment at all times, meaning not all resources can be directed to the Gulf.

Allen has said the administration is working to remove that hurdle, as well as grant waivers if needed for the Jones law.

But red tape also has stalled efforts by biologists in Barataria Bay, MSNBC reports, who are waiting for approval from Washington before they can implement clean-up tactics to save the marshlands.

“The bureaucracy is killing us,” Ralph Portier, an environmental biologist at Louisiana State University, told MSNBC.

As oil continues to spew into the Gulf, The Associated Press reports that these helping hands are not as generous as they seem. “These offers are not typically offers of aid,” said Lt. Erik Halvorson, a Coast Guard spokesman. “Normally, they are offers to sell resources to BP or the U.S. government.”

In fact, according to the AP, only Mexico offered the U.S. free help, saying it would give the U.S. government some containment boom. BP separately bought 13,780 feet of boom and two skimmers from Mexico in early May, according to the State Department.

And local officials who have loudly criticized Washington also are not even using all the help they’ve been offered.

Gov. Bobby Jindal of Louisiana, whose office told ProPublica that staffers “spend more time fighting red tape and bureaucracy than we ever should have to,” is using only a fraction of his federal assistance. A CBS News investigation revealed that Jindal has deployed only 1,053 of the 6,000 available National Guard troops to fight the spill, and that other Gulf states also are using only small fractions of their troop allotments.

For now, oil spill recovery efforts will be stalled by more than red tape — BP and the Coast Guard announced Tuesday that rough weather caused by Tropical Storm Alex is forcing them to send skimming ships back to shore.

Special thanks to Richard Charter

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_edvxM1dkFlo/TC4QGB_LFoI/AAAAAAAAAjI/iU0SdHaxQVs/s1600/SkyTruth_dhrig_spill-csk-28jun10-interp.jpg

Two CSK radar satellite images (black-and-white) are superimposed on a cloudy MODIS satellite image (color) taken June 28, 2010. The radar on the left was acquired at 6:56 pm, and the image to the right at 7:44 pm local time on June 28. Only the western half of the oil slick is visible on these images:

COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) radar satellite images acquired June 28, 2010. Images courtesy of CSTARS.

Tropical Storm Alex was roiling the Gulf when these images were taken. Weather data buoys in the vicinity recorded wind speeds of 6-11 meters/second (13-25 miles/hr), strong enough to break up areas of thin oil sheen and possibly render them undetectable. We infer that the dark areas enclosed within the orange line are thicker patches of oil slick. Oil is reaching farther to the west than we’ve seen recently, impacting Timbalier Bay and Terrebonne Bay.

—
Posted By John to SkyTruth at 7/02/2010 12:08:00 PM
—
John Amos
John@skytruth.org
P.O. Box 3283
Shepherdstown, WV 25443-3283
phone: 304-260-8886
skype: skytruth.amos
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Special thanks to Richard Charter

Date: Fri, 2 Jul 2010 16:02:10 -0400 (EDT)

NOAA has used modeling of historical wind and ocean currents to project the likelihood that surface oil from the Deepwater Horizon/BP oil spill will impact additional U.S. coastline. This modeling, part of NOAA’s comprehensive response to the unprecedented Gulf oil disaster, can help guide the ongoing preparedness, response and cleanup efforts.

“This NOAA model shows where oil may be likely to travel, thereby giving coastal states and communities information about potential threats of shoreline impacts. This kind of information should assist in the preparation of adequate preparedness measures,” said Jane Lubchenco, Ph.D., under secretary of commerce for oceans and atmosphere and NOAA administrator. “NOAA is strongly committed to providing reliable information to the public and to responders at all levels.”

In the technical report being released today, the model’s results aggregate information from 500 distinct scenarios (model outcomes). Each assumes a 90-day oil flow rate of 33,000 barrels per day – the net amount from the flow rate ceiling of 60,000 barrels per day (the lower bound is 35,000 barrels/day) minus the daily estimated amount being skimmed, burned, and/or collected by the Top Hat mechanism. The model also accounts for the natural process of oil “weathering” or breaking down, and considers oil a threat to the shoreline if there is enough to cause a dull sheen within 20 miles of the coast. If, for example, 250 of the 500 scenarios indicated a shoreline threat for a particular area, the overall threat for that area would be a 50 percent probability.
Considering these factors, the NOAA model indicates:

The coastlines with the highest probability for impact (81 to 100 percent) extend from the Mississippi River Delta to the western panhandle of Florida where there has been and will likely continue to be oil impacts.
Along U.S. Gulf of Mexico shorelines, the oil is more likely to move east than west, with much of the coast of Texas showing a relatively low probability of oiling (ranging from less than one percent in southern Texas to up to 40 percent near the Louisiana border).
Much of the west coast of Florida has a low probability (20 percent down to less than one percent) of oiling, but the Florida Keys, Miami and Fort Lauderdale areas have a greater probability (61 to 80 percent) due to the potential influence of the Loop Current. Any oil reaching this area would have spent considerable time degrading and dispersing and would be in the form of scattered tar balls and not a large surface slick of oil.

There is a low probability of shoreline impacts from eastern central Florida up the Eastern Seaboard (20 percent diminishing to less than one percent). Potential impacts become increasingly unlikely north of North Carolina as the Gulf Stream moves away from the continental U.S. at Cape Hatteras. If oil does reach these areas, it will be in the form of tar balls or highly weathered oil.

The threat outlined in the model does not necessarily indicate that oil will come ashore. Whether or not oil comes ashore will depend upon wind and ocean currents at the time. In addition to these and other natural factors, booms and other countermeasures could be used to mitigate the actual coastal contact.

The modeling results released today are based on several simplifying assumptions. In particular, they do not start with the current footprint of the spill, but rather model the spill beginning at day one, based on historical weather and current patterns. Also, the analysis does not adjust for effects of dispersants on the volume, weathering and movement of oil on the water’s surface. To date, no significant amount of oil has entered the Loop Current.

NOAA will continue to closely monitor the movement of the oil slick and develop daily 72-hour forecast projections. NOAA will also produce updated models of the long-term outlook as new data are gathered.

Updated scenarios and more information about the model can be found at:
http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/deepwaterhorizon/longterm_outlook.

NOAA’s mission is to understand and predict changes in the Earth’s environment, from the depths of the ocean to the surface of the sun, and to conserve and manage our coastal and marine resources. Visit us on www.noaa.gov and Facebook.

For more information about the information in this release, please contact Rachel Wilhelm at 202-482-3978, Rachel.Wilhelm@NOAA.gov orShannon Gilson at 202-482-4883, sgilson@doc.gov.

Special thanks to Richard Charter